19世纪末20世纪初美国服装厂中的犹太移民女工境遇探析
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重庆市社会科学基金项目“社会转型时期美国东、南欧女性移民经济参与活动及其影响研究(1880-1920)”(2020PY11);国家社会科学基金西部项目“社会达尔文主义与美国工业化时期社会价值观重塑 研究(1870-1910)”(20XSS007)


An Analysis of the Situation of Jewish Immigrant Women Labors in the U.S. Garment Factories in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
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    摘要:

    19世纪末20世纪初,一大批东欧犹太女性进入美国。犹太女性移民大都因为生活贫困不得不进入就业市场,又因为传统文化和人际关系网络而主要进入美国工业化城市中的服装厂工作。这些犹太服装女工以年轻未婚女性为主,大都作为廉价劳动力分布在制衣生产线的基础性岗位上,面临职业升迁困难,工资处于低水平,以及遭遇性别歧视等困境。对于这样的工作境遇,她们一方面积极适应美国工厂的生产方式,同时也通过跳槽、参加工会和罢工等方式进行抗争,但大多数女性在婚后回归家庭,结束工厂职业生涯,选择以家庭为中心开展新的经济参与活动。

    Abstract:

    In the late 19th and early 20th century, with the rise of immigrant women from eastern and southern Europe, a large number of eastern European Jewish women immigrated to the United States. Jewish immigrant women had to enter the job market because of their poor life, and because of their traditional culture and interpersonal network, they mainly worked in garment factories in industrial cities of the United States. These Jewish garment women were mainly young and unmarried, who were mostly distributed in basic positions of garment production line as cheap labor force. They were not only suffered difficulty in career promotion, but also from gender inequality widely. For such working conditions, on the one hand, they actively adopt to the production mode of American factories, but also through job-hopping, labor unions and strikes to protect their interests, however, most of Jewish garment women returned to their families through marriage, and thus finished their factory careers and participated new economic activities centered on their families.

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杨静.19世纪末20世纪初美国服装厂中的犹太移民女工境遇探析[J].重庆师范大学学报社会科学版,2022,(3):76-84

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