After the Word War II, Japan established the science and technology strategic target with its own national characteristics and the consulted decision model mainly in the form of communication. Among them, the science and technology strategy targets catching up with the developed country, aims to eliminate the technology gap, set up the independent science and technology system and take the high-tech as a means of seeking political military power. And the decision model stresses on the process of science and technology decision-making and the consultative of its process steps, while it outstands the role of Japanese government in the process of the science and technology decision-making. By analyzing and summarizing the experience and lessons of Japanese science and technology strategy target and decision-making model after the Word War II, it can undoubtedly make a great role of reference and enlightenment for the junior country to formulate the science and technology development strategy.