Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2008 to 2019, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed and the improved entropy method is used to measure the high-quality economic development level of each province in this paper, empirically testing the impact of green credit on Chinese high-quality economic development and exploring its mechanism from the perspective of energy consumption. The research shows that Chinese high-quality economic development level is on the rise, with large regional differences and low comprehensive level; on the whole, green credit promotes Chinese high-quality economic development; analysis on regional heterogeneity shows that green credit has a significantly positive effect on the high-quality economic development of the eastern, middle and western regions, and has no significant impact on that of the northeastern regions; further analysis found that in those regions with low level of traditional financial supply and high degree of industrialization, the impact of green credit on the high-quality economic development is not significant; green credit can promote Chinese high-quality economic development by optimizing energy consumption structure and improving energy consumption efficiency.