Embarking on a new journey to comprehensively build a modern socialist country is a strategic arrangement for the new era and a great goal set by the Communist Party of China. It is of great significance to construct scientific and reasonable Chinese modernization index and its evaluation index system to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with . Based on the connotation and five characteristics of Chinese-style modernization, the evaluation index system of Chinese-style modernization index is constructed according to the overall framework of the Party’s Twenty National Congress Report. The index system includes 10 first-level indicators, including “economic modernization”, “scientific and educational modernization”, “political modernization”, “legal modernization”, “cultural modernization”, “social modernization”, “ecological modernization”, “national security, national defense and military modernization”, “modernization of peaceful development” and “modernization of Party building”, and 41 second-level indicators. From the subjective and objective dimensions, 130 three-level basic indicators and characteristic indicators are set up, and then the basic composition and measurement methods of the indicators are deeply analyzed. The Chinese modernization index system answers what is Chinese modernization and what kind of standard or index should be used to measure Chinese modernization. On this basis, the application prospect of Chinese modernization index is discussed from the aspects of the effectiveness of Chinese modernization construction and the performance assessment of Party committees and governments.