High-quality economic development is the main theme of China’s economic development. “Steady growth, higher development level, promote opening-up and protect the ecological environment” is the inherent meaning of high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 30 Chinese provinces (excluding Tibet and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2020, we applied the threshold effect and intermediary effect models to study the mitigation effect of green finance on Dutch disease in the perspective of steady growth.The results show that there is a resource curse in the perspective of Dutch disease in China’s economic growth at the provincial level. The development of green finance has a mitigating effect on Dutch disease with significant regional heterogeneity, and promoting the development of manufacturing industry is the main path for green finance to alleviate the effect of Dutch disease. Based on it, China can improve the role of green finance in alleviating the Dutch disease effect through the following ways. First, improve the utilization efficiency of natural resources and prevent the hollowing out of the manufacturing industry caused by the excessive prosperity of the resource industry. Second, we need to vigorously support the development of green finance and provide sufficient financial resources to support the development of resource-saving manufacturing industries. Third, pay attention to regional heterogeneity and realize the organic combination of scale development and moderate development of green finance. Fourth, give full play to the function of green finance to cut off the mechanism of Dutch disease effect and the conduction path of Dutch disease to resource curse.