Providing high-quality vocational education and employment security for persons with disabilities is a vital part of China’s modernization of governance system and capacity of the undertaking development for persons with disabilities. Based on the perspective of human survival and development, the employment policies for persons with disabilities after the founding of the People’s Republic of China could be divided into four stages: relieving individual survival dilemma, creating a safe living environment, guaranteeing equal development rights, and cultivating individual development ability. Based on the status quo, the innovations of future employment policies are as follows: establishing the rehabilitation service institutional system for persons with disabilities, perfecting the integration-oriented education development mechanism for persons with disabilities, optimizing the vocational education implementation system for persons with disabilities, perfecting the mechanism of promoting vocational ability for persons with disabilities, creating supported employment system framework for persons with disabilities, building the employment-related ecological support system for persons with disabilities. In doing so, we will promote equal employment, social integration and all-round development for persons with disabilities.