The core literacy of mathematics is the key ability and essential character that students should have after mathematics learning. A large number of studies have confirmed that mathematical culture teaching has a positive impact on students’ cognition, emotions and character. How to evaluate the role of mathematics culture on the development of mathematical core literacy in primary school students has become the main research issue in this article. This article uses literature analysis, sampling survey, and exploration factor analysis. The three dimensions of mathematics culture on the development of mathematical core literacy of primary school students are essential character (X1), key ability (X2), and mathematical emotional attitude concept (X3), thus an evaluation model: y= 0.26x1 +0.31x2+0.42x3 is built. Expert consultation, teacher-student survey, classroom observation, other methods and verification factors analyze the analysis of factors and verification factors. The evaluation model provides reference and evaluation tools for the development of mathematical culture teaching for the development of students’ core literacy. This has made positive research and explorations for deeply promoting the reform of my country’s basic education curriculum and made positive significance.