The important feature of the economic system reform in Shang Yang’s reform is the comprehensiveness, systematism and radicalism of its reform measures. Shang Yang, in accordance with the conditions of the West Qin Dynasty, where China and militaries were intertwined, the land was isolated and the people were scarce, and agriculture dominated. In order to maintain the small peasant economy and strengthen the ability to acquire national resources, he not only absorbed the egalitarian economic digestion thought proposed by Confucius, but also strongly advocated the severe intervention of the Qin State in the economic field. Through the measures of “emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce” and the military merit-based system, the Western Qin State’s ability to obtain war resources was greatly improved, and the Qin government’s overall control of national economic resources was achieved. From the perspective of the history of economic thought, the economic policies of Shang Yang and other legalists are the combination of Confucius’ equalitarianism and legalist economic interventionism.