The key teaching ability of primary and secondary schools in the new era has its international background, times basis and practical needs. The key teaching ability of primary and secondary schools refers to the teaching ability that is indispensable in the classroom teaching process and can directly promote students’ correct values, essential character and key ability teaching practice. It has the characteristics of universality, adaptability, developability, value dominance, love and richness. It is found that teaching ability, wisdom generation ability and information technology application ability are the components of teachers’ key teaching ability. Project-driven research, professional guidance of key others and strengthening teaching and research system are effective strategies for teachers’ key teaching abilities.