Socialized services in the dairy industry are vital for high-quality development. Yet, insufficient research on evaluation metrics and obstacles hampers understanding of its status and direction, limiting its impact on high-quality development. The article constructed a dairy socialized service evaluation index system by selecting 21 indicators from seven aspects, such as feeding, breeding and improvement, disease prevention and treatment, etc., and analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the development level of dairy socialized service and its influencing factors of the top ten major dairy producing areas in China from 2011 to 2020 using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model and the obstacle-degree model. The results indicate that: in terms of the development level of dairy socialized services, Shandong is outstanding, the level of service development in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia is out of balance with the level of dairy output, and the level of service development is geographically distributed in a way that is generally better in the eastern region than in the western region. In terms of influencing factors, the impact from subsystems such as breeding and improvement services, the scale of service providers is notably significant. The article particularly notes the significant influence of factors such as the level of poultry ownership, the fresh milk refrigeration services, and the number of leading dairy farming enterprises. Establishing evaluation metrics and measuring obstacles is crucial academically. It will expedite the creation of an efficient, comprehensive socialized service system in the dairy industry, furthering its revitalization.