In the home-school-community integrated collaborative education system, teachers, as the main providers of family education guidance services, are the key to improve the effectiveness of family education guidance, and the improvement of their ability is of great significance to optimizing the family education environment and promoting the healthy growth of children. Accordingly, based on the analytical framework of symbiosis theory, this paper constructs a harmonious symbiosis system to improve the effectiveness of teachers’ family education guidance around the structural elements such as symbiotic units, symbiotic models, symbiotic environments and symbiotic interfaces, and examines the practical dilemmas of the symbiotic system: the lack of symbiotic awareness of multiple subjects leads to insufficient synergy in family education guidance, the loose guidance of the symbiosis model weakens the synergistic effectiveness of teachers’ family education guidance, and the incomplete operation mechanism of policy and culture restricts the synergistic effect of teachers’ family education guidance. The poor symbiotic interface hinders the rational flow and effective sharing of family education guidance resources, and the stakeholders of the symbiotic system of family education guidance effectiveness have not yet formed a symbiotic system of synergy and reciprocity. In order to respond to the needs of teachers to improve their ability to guide family education and realize the purpose of collaborative education, it is urgent for schools, families, society and other elements to establish the concept of symbiosis, and promote the construction and optimization of the symbiosis system from the paths of optimizing the symbiosis model, improving the symbiotic environment, and opening up symbiotic channels, so as to promote the high-quality development of family education.