During the May Fourth period, gender discourse and class discourse emerged almost simultaneously. However, before the class contradiction became the main social contradiction in the 1920s, the class discourse expressing class opposition and the gender discourse representing women’s liberation coexisted in literary practice without contradicting each other. With the rapid spread of Marxism in the early 1920s, the concept of class inevitably entered the consciousness of writers and became an unconscious category and tool for them to analyze social classes. Gender issues, especially the living conditions of lower-class women, due to their relevance to the class consciousness in the society at that time and their shocking nature, became one of the preferred narrative contents or social expression methods for “for life” writers. The new literature in its initial stage simultaneously organized these two discourses into literary creation. They interacted with each other and jointly achieved rich literary manifestations in the new literary practice during the May Fourth period. In the works of writers such as Bing Xin, Lu Yin, Ye Shengtao, Lu Xun, and Yu Dafu, the two discourses interacted and overlapped organically, jointly constructing the political spectrum of “human literature” during the May Fourth period and interpreting the specific connotations of women’s liberation during the May Fourth era. The encounter and interaction of the two mainstream discourses of gender and class in new literature foreshadowed the trend of transformation of May Fourth literature into revolutionary literature. It not only promoted and defended modern moral ethics and individual principles, but also organically conveyed the advanced political ideas of intellectuals, and was a significant manifestation of the further development of literary modernity.