As the core reserve force of rural teachers, the rural all-subject teachers’ local sentiment is the spiritual foundation that maintains their teaching stability and promotes the inheritance of rural culture. However, the cultivation of local sentiment among this group still faces practical obstacles such as insufficient policy support and the absence of school practice. Systematic research is urgently needed to solve these problems. Based on a survey of 402 rural all-subject teachers and in-depth interviews with 20 of them, this study adopted a combination of literature research, questionnaire survey and case analysis to explore the current situation and difficulties in the cultivation of local sentiment among rural all-subject teachers. The research found that the cultivation of local sentiment among rural all-subject teachers is confronted with institutional gaps and implementation deviations in policy support; weak cultural immersion and practical transformation obstacles in school local education; weakened cultural recognition and ineffective atmosphere creation in the social field; and weakened internal drive and insufficient self-empowerment among rural all-subject teachers. To cultivate the local sentiment of rural all-subject teachers and enhance their stability, the study suggests building “a policy empowerment matrix”, shaping “a learning and practice integration ecosystem”, creating “a local cultural field” and designing “a growth ladder plan”, in order to promote the high-quality development of rural education.