At the critical juncture where the global digital economy is accelerating its penetration and the new round of technological revolution is deeply integrating, new quality productivity, as a powerful driving force for future development, is closely related to the spatial layout of the digital industry. At this point, systematically revealing the action path of digital industry agglomeration on new quality productivity not only enriches the relevant theoretical system but also holds significant academic value and practical significance for promoting high-quality economic development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) among the 34 provincial administrative regions in China from 2011 to 2022， this article focuses on the intrinsic connection between digital industry agglomeration and new quality productivity and deeply explores the underlying mechanism. The research findings are as follows: first, digital industry agglomeration has a significant positive promoting effect on new quality productivity, which is stable and continuous, and serves as the core driving force for the development of new quality productivity. Second, digital industry agglomeration can generate indirect empowerment effects through dual paths. On the one hand, it can enhance the level of new urbanization, optimize the allocation of population and resources; on the other hand, it can improve the efficiency of financial agglomeration, providing financial support for the cultivation of new quality productivity. Third, the increase in government digital attention is an important moderating factor, which can significantly enhance the promoting effect of digital industry agglomeration on new quality productivity. Fourth, this promoting effect shows regional heterogeneity and is more prominent in regions with developed economies, high marketization levels, and significant industrial structure upgrades. Based on this, the article puts forward targeted suggestions, including building internationally competitive digital industry clusters, improving the coordinated development mechanism of new urbanization and finance, enhancing government digital governance capabilities, and implementing differentiated regional development strategies, with the aim of providing solid theoretical support and effective practical guidance for accelerating the cultivation of new quality productivity.