The essence of new quality productivity is advanced productivity, which is Xi Jinping’s scientific conclusion about new quality productivity. As the latest theoretical achievement of Xi Jinping’s economic thought, new quality productivity is an innovation and practice of Marxist theory of productivity in China, concentrating on the evolutionary direction and development requirements of advanced productivity. Compared to traditional productivity, new quality productivity is mainly characterized by an inherent unity among three aspects: technological innovation as the core, strategic talent as the support, and green development as the foundation. This marks a new height in the Communist Party of China’s understanding of the laws governing productivity development. Based on this, to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, it is necessary to follow the general laws of productivity development, on the one hand, ensure that new development concepts play a leading role while taking innovation as the guiding principle, coordination as the method, green development as the foundation, openness as the requirement, and shared benefits as the ultimate goal, so as to facilitate the smooth flow of various production factors towards the development of new quality productivity and cultivate advanced productivity characteristics. On the other hand, it should be safeguarded by new types of production relations that are better suited to it, deepening reforms in economic systems, technological systems, etc., focusing on unblocking the bottlenecks restricting the development of new quality productivity, and providing more space for the development of advanced productivity characteristics. Currently, the world is undergoing unprecedented changes, with a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation reshaping the global economic structure. The development of new quality productivity in our country provides new impetus and engines for stimulating industrial transformation and promoting high-quality development, as well as offering important leverage and powerful tools for achieving high-level technological self-reliance, reshaping comparative advantages and competitive advantages between countries. Therefore, speeding up the cultivation and development of new quality productivity not only clarifies the direction for advancing national strength construction in the new era but also injects strong power into global economic development.