Cultural subjectivity is a signature concept of 21st-century Marxism, reflecting a nation’s and its people’s conscious awareness in cultural construction, autonomous stance, and confidence in development.The contemporary enhancement of Chinese cultural subjectivity is a systematic project in which the Communist Party of China, armed with historical initiative, grounds itself in the Chinese-style modernization practice of “renewing an ancient nation”, thereby contributing a new form of human civilization. It follows a quadripartite logical framework of “history-theory-practice-value”: the historical logic reveals the historical foundation of Chinese cultural subjectivity; the theoretical logic, centered on the "two integrations," consolidates the theoretical basis for its enhancement; the practical logic, manifested through the creative transformation and innovative development within the sphere of Chinese modernization, provides a solid practical foundation; and the value logic focuses on building consensus and offering a value paradigm for Chinese modernization and the development of human civilization. By systematically examining core challenges—such as the alienation of cultural values in the digital technology revolution, dilemmas of cultural demands in the process of Chinese modernization, and the dissolution of subjectivity under Western discourse hegemony. This study proposes pathways for the new journey of Chinese modernization: strengthening the Party’s cultural leadership as a political guarantee, adhering to upholding fundamental principles while breaking new ground as the driving force, and advancing an independent knowledge system and constructing a discourse narrative with Chinese characteristics as the essential route to manifest the value of cultural subjectivity.