New-quality productivity is an advanced form of productive forces led by technological innovation and supported by high-level innovative talents. Its high-quality development is in urgent need of systematic empowerment by higher education. To meet the national strategic requirements during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, which include promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation and supporting young scientific and technological talents in innovation and entrepreneurship, innovation and entrepreneurship education, as an important innovative model of higher education in China, can effectively address the demands for talent support and technological innovation in the development of new-quality productivity. The two are deeply coupled in terms of goals, values and practices. By reshaping the structure of human capital, reconstructing the mode of knowledge production and activating the innovation ecosystem, innovation and entrepreneurship education forms an empowering operational mechanism centered on cultivating new-type laborers, creating new-type means of production, developing new-type objects of labor and realizing the optimal combination of factors. Based on this, innovation and entrepreneurship education should follow the collaborative logic of connecting education and innovation through the talent chain, linking technology and industry through the innovation chain, and feeding back education and talents through the industrial chain, and build a positive cycle of talent cultivation, technological breakthrough, industrial upgrading and talent iteration, so as to provide institutional support for the sustainable development of new-quality productivity.