Under the context of the national strategy for building a modern education system and the digital transformation of education, experimental and practical training in teacher education serves as a crucial bridge between theory and practice, whose quality directly influences the cultivation of high-quality, professional, and innovative teachers. Guided by a practice-oriented educational philosophy, this study systematically elaborates the important role of experimental and practical training in developing practical wisdom, fostering teacher identity, and nurturing professional ethics awareness. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the multi-dimensional challenges. On the one hand, the disconnection between theory and practice traps teacher candidates in the dilemma of “theoretical abstraction” and “practical ineffectiveness”. On the other hand, the misalignment in cultivating “subject instructors” and “mentors” leads to an overemphasis on technical skills at the expense of professional ethics and educational passion. Furthermore, issues in the application of intelligent technologies, such as “technological fetishism”, “goal displacement” and the “separation of technology and pedagogy”, result in a disconnection between technological tools and teaching competencies. To address these issues, this study proposes systematic pathways for improvement across four dimensions: conceptual renewal, technological empowerment, team building, and evaluation enhancement. These include guiding experimental and practical training with the spirit of educatorism, strengthening ethics education, innovating teaching paradigms, and refining training mechanisms; promoting the integrated innovation of intelligent technologies, building smart practice environments, developing digital practice resources, and enabling personalized practice support; constructing high-quality teaching teams by improving institutional mechanisms for teacher development and fostering collaborative, diversified teaching forces; and improving the evaluation system by incorporating multiple evaluators, expanding the scope of evaluation content, and adopting smart evaluation methods.