Strengthening the construction of teachers’ ethics and conduct is the primary task of building a teaching staff in contemporary universities, and its policy design is directly related to the quality of higher education and the national talent cultivation strategy. This study selected 38 policy documents on the construction of teachers’ ethics and conduct from 21 “Double First-Class” universities as the research objects, and constructed a two-dimensional analysis framework with policy tool types as the horizontal dimension and policy content elements as the vertical dimension. Based on the policy goals of the construction of teachers’ ethics and conduct in Chinese universities, the policy tool theory of Donnell and Emmer was selected to classify the policy tool types of the construction of teachers’ ethics and conduct in Chinese universities into command tools, incentive tools, capacity-building tools, system change tools, and persuasion tools. The 38 policy documents were coded and analyzed, and the policy content elements were divided into moral cultivation of university teachers, professional ethics behavior norms, and defense mechanisms for teachers’ ethics. After determining the two-dimensional analysis framework, the policy tool dimension and the policy content element dimension were analyzed, and the chi-square test was introduced to verify the correlation between policy content and policy tools. The results of the chi-square test indicated that there was a statistically significant correlation between policy tool types and policy content elements, and there were significant differences in the distribution of policy tools for different policy content elements of teachers’ ethics. At the same time, the study found that there were problems such as excessive use of command tools in policy formulation, imbalance in policy content elements, and insufficient coordination between policy tools and policy content elements. In response to the above problems, suggestions were put forward to give full play to the advantages of various policy tools, comprehensively use multiple policy tools, balance the consideration of policy content elements, systematically optimize the structure of tool combinations, and improve the matching degree between policy tools and policy content elements.