The remarkable achievements in education development in the new era are inseparable from a scientific and systematic educational institutional framework. This system not only provides a stable operational structure and clear guidance for educational endeavors, but also continuously demonstrates distinct Chinese characteristics and significant effectiveness through ongoing evolution. Confidence in the educational system is an essential component of confidence in China’s socialist system with Chinese characteristics, having become deeply internalized as a profound spiritual driving force and vital source of energy for advancing the construction of a strong education nation. Such confidence stems both from a firm recognition of the current system’s effectiveness and from a rational self-awareness to continuously renew and improve itself toward the future. First, confidence in the educational system is grounded in the integration of multiple dimensions: ontologically, it is rooted in theoretical innovation that combines Marxist educational thought with China’s specific realities; epistemologically, it emphasizes deepening educational reform centered on serving the people and promoting balanced development of educational resources through high-quality growth; and practically, it stresses the continuous building of a lifelong learning system serving all citizens and fully leveraging education’s proactive role in social development. Second, the mechanisms underlying the formation of this confidence include four main aspects: constructing a meaningful structure of educational values through communication as a bridge; advancing differentiated evolution of educational functions via a triadic dialectic approach; deepening the self-production of educational practices through concrete actions; and establishing self-referential adjustment mechanisms for the educational system through reflection. Finally, based on the fundamental characteristics of self-reference and self-production inherent in educational systems, enhancing confidence in the education system should continuously implement the concept of cultivating virtue and nurturing talent, design an integrated institutional framework combining “education, science and technology, and talent,” improve the driving mechanisms for reform and opening-up, and reshape digital methodologies.